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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by dizziness and nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements) that occur with certain head positions. It is a condition that typically shows spontaneous improvement over time. The cause of the disease is the dislodgement of small calcium crystals (canaliths) located in the inner ear, which normally remain attached in […]

ANATOMY: The posterior part of the nose (nasopharynx) and the rich lymphoid tissue in the throat are collectively known as Waldeyer’s Ring. This structure plays an important role in the body’s defense against infections entering through the mouth and nose, especially during the early years of life. Structures Comprising Waldeyer’s Ring: Tonsils, Lingual tonsils, Adenoid […]

WHAT IS MIDDLE EAR INFECTION? Middle ear infections are inflammations that occur in the middle ear cavity located behind the eardrum. They are usually caused by viruses or bacteria. They often occur following a recently contracted cold or an allergic problem, which disrupts the function of the Eustachian tube that ensures ventilation of the middle […]

WHAT IS MIDDLE EAR INFECTION? The eardrum is located at the end of the external auditory canal and separates the middle ear from the external ear. Sound waves traveling along the external auditory canal vibrate the eardrum, and these vibrations are transmitted to the hammer and then to the anvil and stirrup bones in contact […]

WHAT IS OTOSCLEROSIS? Otosclerosis, also known as middle ear ossification, is one of the common causes of hearing loss. Otosclerosis is a genetically inherited disease that can appear after skipping several generations. The first stage of hearing involves the vibration of the eardrum as sound waves travel along the external auditory canal and reach the […]

MIDDLE EAR The middle ear is a cavity located behind the eardrum (Figure 1). The pressure inside it tends to be negative due to the absorption of air by the middle ear mucosa. During swallowing, the Eustachian tube equalizes the middle ear pressure with the ambient pressure. When the pressure on both sides of the […]

How Can a Hearing Aid Help Me? Based on hearing tests, an ENT specialist can determine whether a hearing aid is necessary and recommend the type and model based on the degree of loss. Hearing aids are somewhat beneficial in improving the patient’s ability to hear and understand in cases of sensorineural hearing loss. When […]

1. Generally, how many types of disorders can be mentioned when referring to voice cord disturbances? Voice cord disturbances can be broadly categorized into two main types: organic (structural) and functional. Structural disturbances include issues such as laryngitis, cysts, polyps, and vocal cord paralysis. Treatment for these typically involves medications or surgical interventions. Functional disorders […]

Middle ear infections can cause severe pain that interferes with speaking and eating and can recur intermittently in many healthy individuals. The most frequently encountered recurrent oral ulcers are cold sores and canker sores (aphthous ulcers). It is important to differentiate between these two lesions as their causes and treatments are entirely different, despite their […]

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses (Types A, B, and C) that suddenly develops, causes fever, and typically affects the nose, throat, and later the lungs. The flu spreads through droplets containing the infectious viruses that are expelled into the environment when a person coughs or […]